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$3,000 standard deduction for single filers ($8,500 for married filing jointly).

Several Alabama cities levy occupational or business privilege taxes on wages. Birmingham imposes a 1% city income tax on wages earned within city limits.

Alabama does not tax Social Security benefits, and fully exempts defined-benefit pension income (including most government and many private pensions), though 401(k) and IRA withdrawals are generally taxed as ordinary income. There is no state disability or paid-family-leave payroll deduction, though several Alabama cities levy their own occupational tax on wages.

Retirees drawing a traditional pension benefit the most, since Alabama fully exempts defined-benefit pension income from state tax, while 401(k) and IRA withdrawals are taxed like ordinary wages at rates up to 5%.

Compared to neighboring states: Tennessee has no state income tax, Georgia charges 4.99%, Florida has no state income tax, Mississippi ranges from 0% to 4%.

Alaska has no state income tax, so wages, Social Security, pensions, and 401(k)/IRA withdrawals are all completely tax-free at the state level. There is no state disability or paid-family-leave programme either. One state deduction does come out of your pay, though, and it surprises people: Alaska is one of very few states that charges the EMPLOYEE for unemployment insurance. The 2026 rate is 0.50% on the first $54,200 of wages, a maximum of $271 for the year, and this calculator applies it.

Every Alaska worker benefits from having no state income tax, and residents also receive an annual Permanent Fund Dividend funded by the state's oil revenue, a unique payment most other states don't offer.

Arizona conforms to the federal standard deduction ($16,100 single / $32,200 married for 2026).

Arizona does not tax Social Security benefits. Pension, 401(k), and IRA withdrawals are taxed as ordinary income, but at the nation's second-lowest flat state rate (2.5%). There is no state disability or paid-family-leave payroll deduction.

Nearly everyone benefits from Arizona's low, simple 2.5% flat rate, one of the lowest state income tax rates in the country, though retirees drawing large pensions or 401(k)/IRA withdrawals still owe state tax on that income, unlike in neighboring no-tax Nevada.

Compared to neighboring states: California ranges from 1% to 13.3%, Nevada has no state income tax, Utah charges 4.45%, Colorado charges 4.4%.

$2,470 standard deduction for single filers (2026), plus a $29 personal tax credit taken off the tax itself. Arkansas cut its top income tax rate to 3.7% effective January 1, 2026 (Act 1 of the May 2026 special session), the fourth rate reduction in four years. The first $5,600 of net taxable income is not taxed at all, and 2%, 3% and 3.4% bands run below the top rate.

Arkansas does not tax Social Security benefits, and exempts the first $6,000 of other retirement income (pension, 401(k), and IRA withdrawals combined) per person each year. There is no state disability or paid-family-leave payroll deduction.

Every Arkansas worker benefits from the state's rapid recent rate cuts, down to a 3.7% top rate in 2026 after four reductions in four years, while retirees get an added break from the state's $6,000 retirement income exemption.

Compared to neighboring states: Missouri ranges from 0% to 4.7%, Tennessee has no state income tax, Mississippi ranges from 0% to 4%, Louisiana charges 3%.

$5,706 California standard deduction for single filers (2026). CA also provides a non-refundable personal exemption credit of $153 for single filers, which reduces the tax owed rather than the taxable income. Both figures are the 2025 ones, and deliberately so: FTB has not published indexed 2026 amounts, and its own 2026 Form 540-ES instructions tell filers to use the 2025 Form 540 figures. The 13.3% rate includes the 1% Mental Health Services Tax on income above $1M.

California does not tax Social Security benefits, but 401(k), IRA, and most pension withdrawals are taxed as ordinary income at the same rates as wages, up to 13.3%. On top of income tax, California employees also have State Disability Insurance (SDI) withheld from every paycheck, a separate payroll deduction that funds short-term disability and paid family leave benefits.

Lower earners and anyone eligible for California's exemption credits give up the least by staying; the state's steep top rate mainly hits high earners in tech, entertainment, and finance, which is why remote workers able to relocate to a no-tax state like Texas, Nevada, or Washington capture the biggest savings.

Compared to neighboring states: Oregon ranges from 4.75% to 9.9%, Nevada has no state income tax, Arizona charges 2.5%.

Colorado conforms to the federal standard deduction ($16,100 single / $32,200 married for 2026).

Colorado does not tax Social Security benefits. Pension, 401(k), and IRA withdrawals are taxed as ordinary income, though Colorado offers a pension and annuity subtraction for retirees that shields a portion of that income from state tax. Colorado employees also have a Family and Medical Leave Insurance (FAMLI) premium withheld from every paycheck, a state-run payroll deduction separate from federal FICA.

Most Colorado workers pay a straightforward flat 4.4% regardless of income, and retirees benefit from the state's pension and annuity income subtraction, though the FAMLI payroll premium is an added deduction not found in most other flat-tax states.

Compared to neighboring states: Wyoming has no state income tax, Nebraska ranges from 2.46% to 4.55%, Kansas ranges from 5.2% to 5.58%, Oklahoma ranges from 0% to 4.5%.

Connecticut provides a personal exemption of $15,000 for single filers that phases out for higher-income taxpayers. There is no separate state standard deduction.

Connecticut exempts Social Security benefits entirely for filers under certain income thresholds (roughly $75,000 single / $100,000 married), with a portion becoming taxable above those levels. Pension, 401(k), and IRA withdrawals are generally taxed as ordinary income, though Connecticut phases in exemptions for many retirement accounts for middle-income retirees. Connecticut employees also have a CT Paid Leave payroll deduction withheld, a state-run program funding paid family and medical leave.

Lower- and middle-income retirees benefit from Connecticut's income-based Social Security exemption, which shields benefits entirely below roughly $75,000 (single) of income, while high earners face a top marginal rate approaching 7% plus the CT Paid Leave payroll deduction.

Compared to neighboring states: New York ranges from 3.9% to 10.9%, Massachusetts ranges from 5% to 9%, Rhode Island ranges from 3.75% to 5.99%.

$3,250 standard deduction for single filers. Delaware also offers a small personal exemption credit of $110 per exemption (a credit against tax owed, not an income deduction).

Wilmington, DE residents and employees pay a city wage tax of 1.25% on wages earned within city limits.

Delaware does not tax Social Security benefits, and offers a pension and retirement income exclusion for filers 60 and older that shields a meaningful amount of pension, 401(k), and IRA income from state tax. There is no state disability or paid-family-leave payroll deduction.

Retirees 60 and older benefit from Delaware's retirement income exclusion, and everyone benefits from Delaware having no state or local sales tax, a rare combination that offsets its income tax rates for everyday spending.

Compared to neighboring states: Maryland ranges from 2% to 6.5%, Pennsylvania charges 3.07%, New Jersey ranges from 1.4% to 10.75%.

DC's standard deduction for 2026 is $16,100 for single filers, $24,150 head of household and $32,200 married filing jointly (DC OTR Form D-40ES, 2026), matching the federal amounts.

DC does not tax Social Security benefits. Pension, 401(k), and IRA withdrawals are generally taxed as ordinary income. DC's Paid Family Leave program is funded entirely by an employer-side payroll tax, unlike most states with similar programs, so it does not appear as a deduction on employee paychecks.

Lower earners benefit from DC's relatively generous lower brackets, while high earners face one of the steepest top marginal rates in the country, 10.75% on income above $1 million.

Compared to neighboring states: Maryland ranges from 2% to 6.5%, Virginia ranges from 2% to 5.75%.

Florida has no state income tax, so Social Security, pensions, and 401(k)/IRA withdrawals are all completely tax-free at the state level. There is no state disability or paid-family-leave payroll deduction either, only federal FICA applies.

Retirees and high earners benefit the most, since neither Social Security, pensions, nor investment income face any state tax, one reason Florida is one of the most popular retirement destinations in the country.

Compared to neighboring states: Georgia charges 4.99%, Alabama ranges from 2% to 5%.

Georgia's flat income tax comes with a standard deduction of $15,000 single / $30,000 married, raised by HB 463 for 2026. The rate dropped to 4.99% effective January 1, 2026 (down from 5.19% in 2025). Future cuts toward 4.95%+ pending revenue triggers.

Georgia does not tax Social Security benefits. Residents age 62 and older also qualify for a retirement income exclusion that shields a substantial amount of pension, retirement account, and investment income from state tax each year, with a larger exclusion available at 65. There is no state disability or paid-family-leave payroll program.

Retirees age 62 and older benefit significantly from Georgia's retirement income exclusion, which shields pension, 401(k)/IRA, and investment income from the flat state tax, while working residents pay the same 4.99% rate regardless of income level.

Compared to neighboring states: Florida has no state income tax, Alabama ranges from 2% to 5%, Tennessee has no state income tax, North Carolina charges 3.99%.

$8,000 standard deduction for single filers ($16,000 married), plus a $1,144 personal exemption per person. Act 46 of 2024 raises the standard deduction in steps — it was $4,400 for 2024 and 2025 and rises again to $8,000 for 2026, on its way to $12,000 by 2031. The brackets below are the 2025 ones and are correct for 2026: Act 46 moves the deduction and the brackets in alternate years, and 2026 is a deduction year.

Hawaii does not tax Social Security benefits, and generally exempts employer-funded pension income from state tax, a notably generous rule most states don't offer. Hawaii also has one of the country's oldest mandatory Temporary Disability Insurance (TDI) programs, a payroll deduction employees and employers share to fund short-term disability benefits.

Retirees with a traditional employer pension benefit the most in Hawaii, since that income is generally exempt from state tax, while high earners face a steep top rate of 11% on income above $325,000 following the state's 2024 bracket restructuring.

Idaho conforms to the federal standard deduction ($16,100 single / $32,200 married for 2026) and levies a 5.3% income tax (HB 40, 2025). It is not quite flat: Idaho's published rate schedule taxes the first $4,811 of taxable income at 0% and only the excess at 5.3%.

Idaho does not tax Social Security benefits. Pension, 401(k), and IRA withdrawals are taxed as ordinary income at the flat state rate, though Idaho offers a retirement benefits deduction for qualifying public-safety and military retirees. There is no state disability or paid-family-leave payroll deduction.

Every Idaho worker benefits from the state's recently cut flat rate, down to 5.3% after HB 40 (2025), while qualifying retired firefighters, police officers, and military retirees get an added retirement benefits deduction most other filers don't.

Compared to neighboring states: Montana ranges from 4.7% to 5.65%, Wyoming has no state income tax, Utah charges 4.45%, Nevada has no state income tax.

Illinois has no standard deduction; it gives a $2,925 exemption allowance per person (IL DOR Bulletin FY 2026-15). The allowance is disallowed entirely above $250,000 of federal AGI for single filers and $500,000 for joint. This calculator does not model that cutoff, so above the threshold it shows about $145 less tax than is owed.

Illinois does not tax Social Security benefits or any other retirement income, 401(k), IRA, and pension withdrawals are all fully exempt from state tax regardless of amount. There is no state disability or paid-family-leave payroll deduction; Chicago and Cook County have separate paid-leave ordinances for employers, but those are not a payroll tax.

Retirees benefit the most in Illinois, since all retirement income is exempt from the flat state tax, while working residents pay the same 4.95% rate regardless of income level.

Compared to neighboring states: Wisconsin ranges from 3.5% to 7.65%, Iowa charges 3.8%, Missouri ranges from 0% to 4.7%, Kentucky charges 3.5%.

Indiana counties levy a County Income Tax (COIT) ranging from 0.5% to 3.38% depending on the county where you live and work. The county rate is withheld by your employer.

Indiana does not tax Social Security benefits. Pension, 401(k), and IRA withdrawals are taxed as ordinary income at the flat state rate. There is no state disability or paid-family-leave payroll deduction, though most Indiana counties add their own County Income Tax on top of the state rate.

Indiana's flat rate has been falling every year under a multi-year phase-down (2.95% in 2026, headed to 2.9% by 2027), benefiting every worker equally, though your county of residence matters almost as much as the state rate since county income tax rates vary widely, from 0.5% to over 3%.

Compared to neighboring states: Michigan charges 4.25%, Ohio ranges from 0% to 2.75%, Kentucky charges 3.5%, Illinois charges 4.95%.

Iowa starts from federal taxable income, so the federal standard deduction ($16,100 single / $32,200 married for 2026) is already applied before Iowa’s flat 3.8% rate. Iowa’s own personal exemption is a $40 credit per person taken off the tax rather than a deduction from income.

Iowa does not tax Social Security benefits, and as of a 2023 law fully exempts retirement income, including pension, 401(k), and IRA withdrawals, for taxpayers 55 and older. There is no state disability or paid-family-leave payroll deduction.

Retirees 55 and older benefit enormously from Iowa's full exemption of retirement income, one of the most generous in the country, while all workers benefit from the state's completed transition to a flat 3.8% rate in 2025.

Compared to neighboring states: Minnesota ranges from 5.35% to 9.85%, Wisconsin ranges from 3.5% to 7.65%, Illinois charges 4.95%, Missouri ranges from 0% to 4.7%.

Kansas gives a single filer a $3,605 standard deduction ($8,240 married) and, on top of it, a $9,160 personal exemption, plus $2,320 for each dependent. The exemption is unusually large because the 2024 special session replaced the old flat $2,250-per-person figure with a much bigger allowance for the filer and a smaller one per dependent. Both figures are fixed in statute and are not inflation-indexed.

Kansas does not tax Social Security benefits for any filer, regardless of income, after the state removed its former income cap on the exemption. Pension, 401(k), and IRA withdrawals are generally taxed as ordinary income. There is no state disability or paid-family-leave payroll deduction.

All Kansas retirees benefit from the state's full exemption of Social Security benefits regardless of income level, a change from the old rules that only exempted lower earners, while working residents pay one of two brackets, 5.2% or 5.58%.

Compared to neighboring states: Nebraska ranges from 2.46% to 4.55%, Missouri ranges from 0% to 4.7%, Oklahoma ranges from 0% to 4.5%, Colorado charges 4.4%.

$3,360 standard deduction for single filers (2026). Kentucky's flat income tax dropped to 3.5% effective January 1, 2026 (down from 4.0% in 2025) after revenue triggers were met.

More than 260 Kentucky cities and counties impose local occupational license taxes on wages, typically ranging from 1% to 2.5% of wages earned within their jurisdiction. Louisville (Jefferson County) imposes a 2.2% occupational tax.

Kentucky does not tax Social Security benefits. Pension, 401(k), and IRA withdrawals are taxed as ordinary income at the flat state rate, though Kentucky offers an exclusion for a portion of retirement income for qualifying retirees. There is no state disability or paid-family-leave payroll deduction, though hundreds of Kentucky cities and counties levy their own local occupational license tax.

Every Kentucky worker benefits from the state's ongoing rate cuts, down to 3.5% in 2026 from 4.0% in 2025, though workers in cities with high local occupational taxes, like Louisville's 2.2%, should factor that in when comparing take-home pay to other Kentucky cities.

Compared to neighboring states: Ohio ranges from 0% to 2.75%, West Virginia ranges from 2.11% to 4.58%, Virginia ranges from 2% to 5.75%, Tennessee has no state income tax.

Louisiana's 2024 tax reform (Act 11) created a 3% flat income tax rate and raised the standard deduction to $12,500 for single filers ($25,000 married) effective January 1, 2025. Act 11 also indexes that deduction to the CPI-U each year, and the first adjustment took it to $12,875 single / $25,750 married for 2026.

Louisiana does not tax Social Security benefits. Pension, 401(k), and IRA withdrawals are generally taxed as ordinary income at the new flat 3% rate, though Louisiana offers an exemption for a portion of retirement income for qualifying retirees. There is no state disability or paid-family-leave payroll deduction.

Every Louisiana worker benefits from the state's dramatic 2024 tax overhaul (Act 11), which collapsed the old graduated brackets (up to 4.25%) into a single flat 3% rate effective 2025, one of the biggest state tax cuts in the country in recent years.

Compared to neighboring states: Arkansas ranges from 0% to 3.7%, Mississippi ranges from 0% to 4%, Texas has no state income tax.

Maine conforms to the federal standard deduction ($16,100 single / $32,200 married for 2026).

Maine does not tax Social Security benefits, and offers a pension income deduction that shields a portion of pension, 401(k), and IRA withdrawals from state tax each year for qualifying retirees. There is no state disability or paid-family-leave payroll deduction.

Most retirees get some relief from Maine's pension income deduction, while very high earners face a new top bracket of 9.15% on income above $1 million.

Compared to neighboring states: New Hampshire has no state income tax.

Maryland's standard deduction is 15% of Maryland adjusted gross income, with a minimum of $1,800 and maximum of $3,350 for single filers.

Maryland counties and Baltimore City levy a local income tax of 2.25%–3.30% on top of the state rate, withheld by your employer based on your county of residence. Worcester County is lowest at 2.25%; Dorchester and Kent are highest at 3.30%. From 2026 counties may set rates as high as 3.7%, so the top of this range can move.

Maryland does not tax Social Security benefits. Pension, 401(k), and IRA withdrawals are generally taxed as ordinary income, though Maryland offers a pension exclusion for qualifying retirees 65 and older. There is no statewide disability or paid-family-leave payroll deduction currently in effect.

Where you live in Maryland matters more than in most states: every county plus Baltimore City levies its own local income tax (2.25%–3.2%) on top of the state brackets, so two Maryland workers with identical salaries can see meaningfully different take-home pay depending on which county withholds their local tax.

Compared to neighboring states: Virginia ranges from 2% to 5.75%, West Virginia ranges from 2.11% to 4.58%, Delaware ranges from 0% to 6.6%, Pennsylvania charges 3.07%.

Massachusetts provides a personal exemption of $4,400 for single filers (not a standard deduction). Income above $1,107,750 (the inflation-indexed 2026 threshold) is subject to an additional 4% surtax (9% total). MA has no state standard deduction.

Massachusetts does not tax Social Security benefits, and most government pensions (state, local, and certain federal) are exempt, though private pension, 401(k), and IRA withdrawals are generally taxed at the flat 5% rate. Massachusetts employees also have a Paid Family and Medical Leave (PFML) premium withheld from every paycheck, a state-run payroll deduction on top of income tax and federal FICA.

Nearly all Massachusetts workers pay a simple flat 5%, but high earners face an additional 4% surtax on income above $1,107,750 in 2026 (the "Fair Share Amendment", a threshold that is indexed for inflation each year), pushing their effective top rate to 9%, one of the few flat-tax states with a true millionaire's bracket.

Compared to neighboring states: New Hampshire has no state income tax, Vermont ranges from 3.35% to 8.75%, New York ranges from 3.9% to 10.9%, Rhode Island ranges from 3.75% to 5.99%.

Several Michigan cities levy a city income tax: Detroit (2.4%), Grand Rapids (1.5%), Lansing (1%), Muskegon (1%), and others at 1%–1.5% for residents working in the city.

Michigan does not tax Social Security benefits. Michigan has also been phasing out its long-standing "pension tax," with retirement and pension income exemptions being restored in stages through 2026 regardless of birth year, a reversal of the more restrictive, birth-year-based rules that applied for over a decade. There is no state disability or paid-family-leave payroll deduction, though several Michigan cities levy their own city income tax.

Retirees benefit the most from Michigan's ongoing pension tax phase-out, which is restoring exemptions for retirement income that were curtailed for over a decade; workers in cities like Detroit or Grand Rapids should also budget for the added city income tax on top of the 4.25% state rate.

Compared to neighboring states: Wisconsin ranges from 3.5% to 7.65%, Indiana charges 2.95%, Ohio ranges from 0% to 2.75%.

Minnesota's standard deduction is $15,300 for single filers (2026, adjusted annually).

Minnesota exempts Social Security benefits for the large majority of retirees under income-based subtraction rules enacted in recent years, though very high earners may still owe state tax on a portion of their benefits. Pension, 401(k), and IRA withdrawals are generally taxed as ordinary income at Minnesota's rates, among the highest in the country (up to 9.85%). Minnesota Paid Leave began on 1 January 2026 and is a real deduction from your pay. The total premium is 0.88% of wages and your employer may take up to half of it, 0.44%, out of your paycheck, on earnings up to $184,500 — about $264 a year on a $60,000 salary and $811.80 at the ceiling. Small employers pay a reduced premium of 0.66%, but that reduction belongs to the employer and does not change what comes out of your pay. This calculator applies the full 0.44%, the most an employer may deduct; an employer who absorbs more of the premium will leave you with slightly more take-home pay than shown

Most retirees now avoid Minnesota tax on their Social Security benefits thanks to the state's expanded subtraction, while high-earning workers face one of the steepest top marginal rates in the country, 9.85%, and, starting in 2026, a new Paid Family and Medical Leave payroll premium.

Compared to neighboring states: Wisconsin ranges from 3.5% to 7.65%, Iowa charges 3.8%, South Dakota has no state income tax, North Dakota ranges from 0% to 2.5%.

$2,300 standard deduction for single filers. Mississippi's top income tax rate steps down to 4.0% for 2026 (from 4.4% in 2025), with a legislated path toward 3% by 2030. The first $10,000 of taxable income remains at 0%.

Mississippi is one of the most retirement-friendly states in the country: it does not tax Social Security benefits, and it also fully exempts pension, 401(k), and IRA withdrawals from state tax regardless of amount. There is no state disability or paid-family-leave payroll deduction.

Retirees benefit the most in Mississippi, since virtually all retirement income, Social Security, pensions, and 401(k)/IRA withdrawals alike, is completely exempt from state tax, while working residents see their rate falling steadily toward a legislated target of 3% by 2030.

Compared to neighboring states: Tennessee has no state income tax, Alabama ranges from 2% to 5%, Louisiana charges 3%, Arkansas ranges from 0% to 3.7%.

Missouri conforms to the federal standard deduction ($16,100 single / $32,200 married for 2026). Filers may also deduct federal income taxes paid as an additional Missouri itemized deduction.

Kansas City and St. Louis each impose a 1% earnings tax on wages earned within city limits.

Missouri fully exempts Social Security benefits from state tax as of 2024, a change from its older partial-exemption rules. Pension, 401(k), and IRA withdrawals are generally taxed as ordinary income, though Missouri also offers a public pension exemption and a private retirement income deduction for qualifying filers. There is no state disability or paid-family-leave payroll deduction, though Kansas City and St. Louis each levy a 1% local earnings tax.

Retirees benefit significantly from Missouri's move to fully exempt Social Security benefits starting in 2024, while workers in Kansas City or St. Louis should account for the additional 1% local earnings tax those cities charge on wages.

Compared to neighboring states: Iowa charges 3.8%, Illinois charges 4.95%, Kentucky charges 3.5%, Tennessee has no state income tax.

Montana no longer sets a standard deduction of its own. Montana taxable income starts from FEDERAL taxable income, so the federal $16,100 for a single filer ($32,200 married) is already subtracted before Montana's rates apply. HB 337 dropped the top rate to 5.65% for 2026 (from 5.9%) and widened the 4.7% band to $47,500 for single filers, with a further cut to 5.4% and a wider band in 2027.

Montana does not tax Social Security benefits for the majority of filers under income-based rules. Pension, 401(k), and IRA withdrawals are generally taxed as ordinary income. There is no state disability or paid-family-leave payroll deduction.

Most Montana workers benefit from the state's ongoing rate cuts, down to a 5.65% top rate in 2026 (from 5.9%) with a further cut to 5.4% set for 2027, while most retirees avoid state tax on Social Security under the state's income-based exemption.

Compared to neighboring states: North Dakota ranges from 0% to 2.5%, South Dakota has no state income tax, Wyoming has no state income tax, Idaho ranges from 0% to 5.3%.

$8,850 standard deduction for single filers (2026), plus a personal exemption credit of $176 a head taken off the tax rather than off the income. Nebraska's top rate dropped to 4.55% for 2026 (down from 5.20% in 2025) under LB 754, with the final reduction to 3.99% scheduled for 2027.

Nebraska fully exempts Social Security benefits from state tax as of 2024, a change from its older partial-taxation rules. Pension, 401(k), and IRA withdrawals are generally taxed as ordinary income. There is no state disability or paid-family-leave payroll deduction.

Retirees benefit from Nebraska's recent full exemption of Social Security benefits, while all workers benefit from the state's aggressive rate-cutting schedule, down to a 4.55% top rate in 2026 from 5.20% in 2025, with a final cut to 3.99% set for 2027.

Compared to neighboring states: South Dakota has no state income tax, Iowa charges 3.8%, Missouri ranges from 0% to 4.7%, Kansas ranges from 5.2% to 5.58%.

Nevada has no state income tax, so Social Security, pensions, and 401(k)/IRA withdrawals are all completely tax-free at the state level. There is no state disability or paid-family-leave payroll deduction either, only federal FICA applies.

High earners and retirees benefit most from having no state income tax at all; Nevada funds government primarily through sales tax and gaming/casino tax revenue instead, a very different mix than most states.

Compared to neighboring states: Idaho ranges from 0% to 5.3%, Utah charges 4.45%, Arizona charges 2.5%, California ranges from 1% to 13.3%.

New Hampshire has no tax on wages, and as of January 1, 2025, fully repealed its old Interest and Dividends Tax, so investment income is untaxed at the state level too. Social Security, pensions, and 401(k)/IRA withdrawals are all state-tax-free, and there is no state disability or paid-family-leave payroll deduction.

High earners and investors benefit most now that New Hampshire has fully repealed its Interest and Dividends Tax as of 2025, making it a true no-income-tax state on both wages and investment income.

Compared to neighboring states: Maine ranges from 5.8% to 9.15%, Massachusetts ranges from 5% to 9%, Vermont ranges from 3.35% to 8.75%.

New Jersey has NO state standard deduction. NJ taxes most income starting from $0 after the $1,000 personal exemption.

New Jersey does not tax Social Security benefits. Pension, 401(k), and IRA withdrawals are taxed as ordinary income, but New Jersey offers a substantial pension and retirement income exclusion for filers 62 and older under certain income limits. New Jersey employees also have Temporary Disability Insurance (TDI) and Family Leave Insurance (FLI) premiums withheld from every paycheck, both state-run payroll deductions on top of income tax and federal FICA.

Retirees 62 and older with income under New Jersey's eligibility limits benefit substantially from the state's pension and retirement income exclusion, while high earners face one of the steepest top marginal rates in the country, 10.75% above $1 million.

Compared to neighboring states: New York ranges from 3.9% to 10.9%, Pennsylvania charges 3.07%, Delaware ranges from 0% to 6.6%.

New Mexico conforms to the federal standard deduction ($16,100 single / $32,200 married for 2026).

New Mexico exempts Social Security benefits for the majority of retirees under income thresholds enacted in recent years, though higher earners may still owe tax on a portion of benefits. Pension, 401(k), and IRA withdrawals are generally taxed as ordinary income. There is no state disability or paid-family-leave payroll deduction.

Most New Mexico retirees no longer pay state tax on Social Security thanks to the exemption enacted in recent years, while working residents face a six-bracket system topping out at 5.9% on income above $210,000.

Compared to neighboring states: Colorado charges 4.4%, Oklahoma ranges from 0% to 4.5%, Texas has no state income tax, Arizona charges 2.5%.

New York's standard deduction is $8,000 for single filers (NY state amount, separate from federal).

New York City residents pay an additional NYC personal income tax of 3.078%–3.876% on top of state taxes. Yonkers residents pay a city income tax surcharge of approximately 16.75% of their state income tax.

New York does not tax Social Security benefits. Government pensions (federal, state, and local) are fully exempt from New York tax, and private pension, 401(k), and IRA withdrawals get a partial exclusion once you reach retirement age. Employees also have a small Paid Family Leave (PFL) payroll deduction withheld in addition to state and federal income tax.

Workers outside New York City avoid the added NYC personal income tax that city residents pay on top of state tax, so an identical salary goes noticeably further in the suburbs or upstate. High earners who both live and work in Manhattan face some of the steepest combined state-plus-city rates in the country.

Compared to neighboring states: Connecticut ranges from 2% to 6.99%, Massachusetts ranges from 5% to 9%, Vermont ranges from 3.35% to 8.75%, Pennsylvania charges 3.07%.

North Carolina's standard deduction is $12,750 for single filers ($25,500 married). The flat rate dropped to 3.99% effective January 1, 2026 (down from 4.25% in 2025). Further reductions to 2.49% are scheduled by 2030 if revenue triggers are met.

North Carolina does not tax Social Security benefits. Pension, 401(k), and IRA withdrawals are generally taxed as ordinary income at the flat state rate, though certain government pensions vested before August 12, 1989 remain exempt under a long-standing court settlement. There is no state disability or paid-family-leave payroll deduction.

Every North Carolina worker benefits from the state's steadily falling flat rate, down to 3.99% in 2026 from 4.5% just two years earlier, with further cuts toward 2.49% scheduled through 2030 if revenue targets are met.

Compared to neighboring states: Virginia ranges from 2% to 5.75%, Tennessee has no state income tax, Georgia charges 4.99%, South Carolina ranges from 1.99% to 5.21%.

North Dakota conforms to the federal standard deduction. Under SB 2293 (2023) a single filer with North Dakota taxable income under $49,575 pays no state income tax at all for 2026. Only two non-zero rates apply above that, 1.95% and 2.50%, and North Dakota re-indexes both thresholds every year.

North Dakota does not tax Social Security benefits. Pension, 401(k), and IRA withdrawals are generally taxed as ordinary income, though most filers pay very little given the state's low rates. There is no state disability or paid-family-leave payroll deduction.

Most North Dakota workers pay little to no state income tax: the first $48,475 of single-filer income is taxed at 0%, and the two non-zero brackets above that (1.95% and 2.5%) are among the lowest of any state that has an income tax at all.

Compared to neighboring states: Montana ranges from 4.7% to 5.65%, South Dakota has no state income tax, Minnesota ranges from 5.35% to 9.85%.

Most Ohio cities and villages levy a municipal income tax of 1%–3% on wages earned within their limits. Columbus charges 2.5%, Cleveland 2.5% (raised from 2% on 1 January 2017 under Issue 32), Cincinnati 1.8%. Employees typically have this withheld based on their work location.

Ohio does not tax Social Security benefits. Pension and 401(k)/IRA withdrawals are taxed as ordinary income, but a retirement income credit can offset part of the bill for many retirees. There is no state disability or paid-family-leave payroll deduction beyond the municipal income taxes many cities levy.

Nearly all Ohio wage-earners benefit from the state's 2026 shift to a flat 2.75% rate above the first $26,050 (down from a top bracket of 3.5% as recently as 2024), while retirees on fixed incomes get further relief from the state's retirement income credit.

Compared to neighboring states: Michigan charges 4.25%, Indiana charges 2.95%, Kentucky charges 3.5%, West Virginia ranges from 2.11% to 4.58%.

$6,350 standard deduction for single filers ($12,700 married).

Oklahoma does not tax Social Security benefits, and fully exempts military retirement pay from state tax. Pension, 401(k), and IRA withdrawals are generally taxed as ordinary income, though Oklahoma offers a retirement income exclusion for qualifying civilian retirees too. There is no state disability or paid-family-leave payroll deduction.

Military retirees benefit the most in Oklahoma, since the state fully exempts military retirement pay from income tax, while all workers benefit from the state's 2026 rate cut to a 4.5% top rate under HB 2764's bracket consolidation.

Compared to neighboring states: Kansas ranges from 5.2% to 5.58%, Missouri ranges from 0% to 4.7%, Arkansas ranges from 0% to 3.7%, Texas has no state income tax.

$2,910 standard deduction for single filers ($5,820 married). Oregon provides a personal exemption credit of $256 per exemption (a credit against tax owed, not an income deduction), and it disappears entirely above $100,000 of federal AGI for single filers rather than tapering off. Oregon also lets filers subtract the federal income tax they paid, up to a cap that steps down with income — $8,750 below $125,000, then $7,000, $5,250, $3,500 and $1,750 in $5,000 bands, and nothing from $145,000 (DOR 150-206-436, 2026 withholding formulas). This calculator applies it, which is worth up to about $770 a year.

Multnomah County (Portland area) residents pay the Metro Supportive Housing Services income tax (1% on income $125,000–$250,000; 3% above $250,000) and the Preschool for All tax (1.5%–3%). These apply only to county residents.

Oregon does not tax Social Security benefits. Pension, 401(k), and IRA withdrawals are generally taxed as ordinary income at Oregon's rates (up to 9.9%), though a federal pension exemption applies to certain retirees who worked for Oregon state or local government before October 1991. There is no state disability or paid-family-leave payroll deduction, though Portland-area (Multnomah County) residents pay additional local income taxes.

Oregon has no sales tax, which offsets its relatively high income tax rates somewhat for everyday spending, but workers should know the top 9.9% bracket kicks in at just $125,000, and Portland-area residents face additional Metro and Preschool for All local income taxes on top of the state rate.

Compared to neighboring states: Washington has no state income tax, Idaho ranges from 0% to 5.3%, Nevada has no state income tax, California ranges from 1% to 13.3%.

Philadelphia residents and non-residents working in the city pay a wage tax: 3.735% for residents and 3.425% for non-residents, effective 1 July 2026. The city cuts these slightly each July under a five-year plan heading for 3.70% and 3.39%, so check the date before relying on them. Most other Pennsylvania municipalities impose a 1%–2% Earned Income Tax (EIT) on local wages.

Pennsylvania is one of the most retirement-friendly states in the country: Social Security is not taxed, and income from 401(k)s, IRAs, and pensions is generally exempt once received after retirement age, an unusually generous exemption for a flat-tax state. There is no state disability or paid-family-leave payroll programme, but Pennsylvania does take an employee unemployment contribution of 0.07%, seventy cents per $1,000, and unusually it applies to every dollar you earn with no wage ceiling. This calculator applies it.

Retirees benefit unusually well in Pennsylvania since most retirement income is exempt from the state's flat tax, even though wages are taxed like any other state. Workers who live or work in Philadelphia should also budget for the separate city wage tax on top of the 3.07% state rate.

Compared to neighboring states: New York ranges from 3.9% to 10.9%, New Jersey ranges from 1.4% to 10.75%, Delaware ranges from 0% to 6.6%, Maryland ranges from 2% to 6.5%.

Rhode Island indexes both figures annually. The $11,200 standard deduction is read directly from the Division of Taxation's inflation advisory ADV 2025-22 (3 November 2025), which sets tax year 2026 amounts. The $5,250 exemption is from a secondary source: the same advisory carries it, but the table could not be read, and it is consistent with the 2025 figure of $5,100 indexed by the same 2.75% that took the deduction from $10,900 to $11,200. Worth confirming from ADV 2025-22 directly. An earlier revision used $4,700, which was several years out of date.

Rhode Island exempts Social Security benefits for filers under certain income thresholds, with a portion becoming taxable above those levels. Pension, 401(k), and IRA withdrawals are generally taxed as ordinary income. Rhode Island employees also have a Temporary Disability Insurance (TDI) payroll deduction withheld, one of the oldest such programs in the country, dating back to the 1940s.

Lower- and middle-income retirees benefit from Rhode Island's income-based Social Security exemption, while all workers should budget for the state's long-standing TDI payroll deduction on top of income tax and federal FICA.

Compared to neighboring states: Massachusetts ranges from 5% to 9%, Connecticut ranges from 2% to 6.99%.

South Carolina's H.4216 (2026) replaced its 0%/3%/6% graduated brackets with two rates: 1.99% on the first $30,000 of taxable income and 5.21% above. The law now starts from federal taxable income with a new SC-specific deduction (SCIAD) in place of the federal standard deduction. The SCIAD is reduced as income rises: a single filer loses it in proportion to federal AGI above $40,000 across a $55,000 window, so it is gone entirely at $95,000. SCDOR has not published this, but the enacted act has, at S.C. Code 12-6-1140(15)(b).

South Carolina does not tax Social Security benefits, and offers a retirement income deduction for qualifying filers on pension, 401(k), and IRA withdrawals, with a larger deduction available at age 65. There is no state disability or paid-family-leave payroll deduction.

Nearly every South Carolina worker benefits from the state's 2026 tax overhaul (H.4216), which replaced the old 0%/3%/6% graduated brackets with a simpler two-rate structure, 1.99% on the first $30,000 and 5.21% above, a meaningful cut for most filers.

Compared to neighboring states: North Carolina charges 3.99%, Georgia charges 4.99%.

South Dakota has no state income tax, so Social Security, pensions, and 401(k)/IRA withdrawals are all completely tax-free at the state level. There is no state disability or paid-family-leave payroll deduction either, only federal FICA applies.

High earners and retirees benefit most from having no state income tax at all; South Dakota is also known for its favorable trust and residency laws, drawing wealth management activity from higher-tax states.

Compared to neighboring states: North Dakota ranges from 0% to 2.5%, Minnesota ranges from 5.35% to 9.85%, Iowa charges 3.8%, Nebraska ranges from 2.46% to 4.55%.

Tennessee has no state income tax on wages, and after fully repealing its old Hall Tax on interest and dividend income in 2021, investment income is untaxed at the state level too. Social Security, pensions, and 401(k)/IRA withdrawals are all state-tax-free, and there is no state disability or paid-family-leave payroll deduction.

High earners and retirees living on investment income benefit most, since Tennessee taxes no wage income and, since repealing the Hall Tax, no investment income either.

Compared to neighboring states: Kentucky charges 3.5%, Virginia ranges from 2% to 5.75%, North Carolina charges 3.99%, Georgia charges 4.99%.

With no state income tax, Texas does not tax Social Security benefits, pensions, or 401(k)/IRA withdrawals in any way. There is also no state-run disability or paid-family-leave payroll program, employees only pay federal FICA taxes.

High earners benefit most in dollar terms since there's no income tax to escape at any bracket, but Texas leans more heavily on sales and property tax to fund government, so lower earners and homeowners can still face a meaningfully higher overall tax burden than the "no income tax" headline suggests.

Compared to neighboring states: Oklahoma ranges from 0% to 4.5%, Arkansas ranges from 0% to 3.7%, Louisiana charges 3%, New Mexico ranges from 1.5% to 5.9%.

Utah conforms to the federal standard deduction ($16,100 single / $32,200 married for 2026) and levies a flat 4.45% income tax (SB 60, 2026). Utah uses a nonrefundable tax credit system for personal exemptions rather than an income deduction.

Utah taxes Social Security benefits, but offers a nonrefundable tax credit that fully offsets the tax for most low- and middle-income retirees, phasing out at higher incomes. Pension, 401(k), and IRA withdrawals are taxed as ordinary income at the flat state rate. There is no state disability or paid-family-leave payroll deduction.

Most retirees pay little to no Utah tax on Social Security thanks to the state's retirement tax credit, while working residents benefit from Utah's recently cut flat rate, down to 4.45% in 2026.

Compared to neighboring states: Idaho ranges from 0% to 5.3%, Wyoming has no state income tax, Colorado charges 4.4%, New Mexico ranges from 1.5% to 5.9%.

Vermont does NOT conform to the federal standard deduction. It sets its own, roughly half the federal amount. The figures here are Vermont's tax year 2025 amounts from Form IN-111 — $7,650 single, $15,300 married, and a $5,300 personal exemption per person — used because Vermont indexes annually and its 2026 amounts were not published at the time of checking. The 2026 figures will be slightly higher, so this understates the deduction a little and overstates Vermont tax a little. An earlier revision here used the federal $16,100, which was more than double the true amount.

Vermont taxes Social Security benefits for higher-income filers, but exempts them for those under certain income thresholds. Pension, 401(k), and IRA withdrawals are generally taxed as ordinary income. There is no mandatory state disability or paid-family-leave payroll deduction.

Lower- and middle-income retirees benefit from Vermont's income-based Social Security exemption, while high earners face a top marginal rate of 8.75%, one of the higher rates in the Northeast.

Compared to neighboring states: New York ranges from 3.9% to 10.9%, New Hampshire has no state income tax, Massachusetts ranges from 5% to 9%.

$8,750 standard deduction for single filers ($17,500 married), plus a $930 personal exemption per person. Code of Virginia 58.1-322.03 fixes that amount for taxable years beginning on and after 1 January 2025 and before 1 January 2027, so it covers 2026; it steps up to $9,200 single and $18,400 married for 2027. Virginia does not index its brackets, which have run 2%, 3%, 5% and 5.75% at $3,000, $5,000 and $17,000 since 1990.

Virginia does not tax Social Security benefits. Pension, 401(k), and IRA withdrawals are taxed as ordinary income, though Virginia offers an age-based deduction for taxpayers 65 and older that shields a meaningful amount of retirement and other income from state tax. There is no state disability or paid-family-leave payroll deduction.

Retirees 65 and older benefit from Virginia's age-based income deduction, while working residents face a fairly low top marginal rate (5.75%) that kicks in on income above just $17,000, meaning most full-time workers pay close to the top rate on the bulk of their earnings.

Compared to neighboring states: Maryland ranges from 2% to 6.5%, District of Columbia ranges from 4% to 10.75%, West Virginia ranges from 2.11% to 4.58%, Kentucky charges 3.5%.

Washington has no state income tax, so wages, Social Security, pensions, and standard 401(k)/IRA withdrawals are not taxed at the state level (very high investment gains can trigger the state's separate capital gains tax). Washington employees also have two state-run payroll deductions beyond federal FICA: the WA Cares long-term care premium and the Paid Family & Medical Leave (PFML) premium, both withheld automatically.

High earners benefit most from having no state tax on wages, though Washington's capital gains tax on very large investment profits means wage income and investment income aren't treated the same way here as in other no-tax states.

Compared to neighboring states: Idaho ranges from 0% to 5.3%, Oregon ranges from 4.75% to 9.9%.

West Virginia starts from federal adjusted gross income; there is no separate WV standard deduction. 2026 rates: 2.11%, 2.81%, 3.16%, 4.22%, 4.58%, reflecting the 5% across-the-board cut enacted by SB 392 (retroactive to January 1, 2026).

West Virginia has been phasing out its tax on Social Security benefits in stages, moving toward full exemption. Pension, 401(k), and IRA withdrawals are generally taxed as ordinary income at the state's rates. There is no state disability or paid-family-leave payroll deduction.

Every West Virginia worker benefits from the state's recent across-the-board rate cuts (SB 392 trimmed all brackets by 5% for 2026, on top of earlier reductions), while retirees benefit further as the state continues phasing out tax on Social Security benefits.

Compared to neighboring states: Ohio ranges from 0% to 2.75%, Pennsylvania charges 3.07%, Maryland ranges from 2% to 6.5%, Virginia ranges from 2% to 5.75%.

Wisconsin's standard deduction is a sliding scale, not a fixed amount, and this calculator applies the slide. A single filer gets the full $13,960 on Wisconsin income up to $20,119. Above that the deduction drops by 12 cents for every additional dollar, so at $60,000 it is $9,174, at $100,000 it is $4,374, and from $136,453 up there is no standard deduction at all. Married filing jointly starts at $25,840 and slides at 19.778%, head of household at $18,030 and 22.515%; this calculator models the single-filer schedule. Wisconsin also gives a $700 personal exemption per person, plus $250 more if you are 65 or over. Figures are the 2026 schedules published by the Wisconsin Department of Revenue in the Form 1-ES instructions.

Wisconsin fully exempts Social Security benefits from state tax. Pension, 401(k), and IRA withdrawals are generally taxed as ordinary income, though Wisconsin offers a retirement income exclusion for certain qualifying retirement accounts and government pensions. There is no state disability or paid-family-leave payroll deduction.

Retirees benefit from Wisconsin's full exemption of Social Security benefits, while working residents face a progressive rate structure topping out at 7.65% on income above roughly $323,000, one of the highest top brackets in the Midwest.

Compared to neighboring states: Minnesota ranges from 5.35% to 9.85%, Michigan charges 4.25%, Illinois charges 4.95%, Iowa charges 3.8%.

Wyoming has no state income tax, so Social Security, pensions, and 401(k)/IRA withdrawals are all completely tax-free at the state level. There is no state disability or paid-family-leave payroll deduction either, only federal FICA applies.

High earners and retirees benefit most from having no state income tax at all; Wyoming funds government primarily through mineral and mining severance taxes and federal mineral royalties rather than taxing wages or investment income.

Compared to neighboring states: Montana ranges from 4.7% to 5.65%, South Dakota has no state income tax, Nebraska ranges from 2.46% to 4.55%, Colorado charges 4.4%.